More prescriptions, higher risk
Gabapentin is known to cause side effects such as dizziness, fatigue, fluid retention, and dry mouth. Earlier studies have also linked it to breathing problems.
In this study, researchers found a dose–response pattern:
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Patients with 12 or more prescriptions were
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40% more likely to develop dementia
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65% more likely to develop MCI
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These associations remained even after adjusting for demographics, existing health conditions, and use of other medications.
Does gabapentin cause dementia?
Not necessarily.
The authors emphasized that this was an observational study, meaning it shows a strong association — not proof of cause and effect.
They also noted key limitations:
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Exact dosage and duration of use could not be analyzed
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Observational data cannot fully rule out unmeasured factors
However, the study’s large size and consistency with other emerging concerns about gabapentin’s cognitive side effects make the findings difficult to ignore.
Why gabapentin use has surged
Gabapentin was approved in the early 1990s to treat epilepsy. Over time, it has been increasingly prescribed for:
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Nerve pain
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Chronic pain
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Post-shingles pain
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Restless legs syndrome
Doctors often view it as a safer alternative to opioids, leading to widespread long-term use — especially for back pain.
Researchers noted that many patients prescribed gabapentin also have reduced mobility, a known dementia risk factor. However, gabapentin users in this study were matched with similarly mobility-limited patients who did not take the drug, suggesting mobility alone does not explain the finding
